Growing Cacti and Succulents at Home

Cacti and succulents, of all different varieties, are curious plants that thrive in areas where water is scarce and precious. These plants are very hardy and often characterized by their thick, fleshy leaves or stems that store water to support the plant in arid conditions. They thrive on minimal care, relying on abundant light, sparse water, and specific soil conditions - usually well-draining and sandy soil works best. Their resilience, coupled with their diverse range of shapes and sizes, makes them beautiful and fascinating plants for both beginners and seasoned plant collectors. Cacti, approximately 2,000 species in all, and succulents can be found in the rugged landscapes of the Americas, from the Arctic Circle to the rocky mountains of South America, standing as testaments to nature's ingenuity and offering a splash of life to an even harsher environment. They can also be found gracing the cozy corners of indoor spaces, basking in the sunlight that splays onto their supple leaves. But be careful; these unique plants may also feature spines or barbs that can be large or small and are there to ward off pests and predators. It's important to note that succulents and cacti are not the same thing. Succulents are the broader plant category into which the cacti family falls. All cacti are succulents. Not all succulents are cacti.

Growing Cacti and Succulents at Home

Popular succulents include the following:

Growing Cacti and Succulents

Light

Ensure these plants receive plenty of light, ideally through a bright, sunny window. If the ideal light conditions for your succulent aren't present, supplement natural light with artificial sources. Cool white fluorescent tube lighting positioned 6-12 inches above the plant for 14-16 hours of light a day will yield the best possible results.

Potting Mix

When caring for a succulent in a pot, you should try your best to mimic their natural sandy, well-drained soil. You can do this by mixing one part potting soil with one part coarse sand. The potting mixture should be loose and sterile, crumbling easily after being squeezed when moist. This unique blend is porous enough to allow the plant to thrive.

Watering

Always allow the soil to dry completely before watering succulents again. Ensure thorough watering, letting excess water drain out, to encourage deep root growth and prevent moisture-related distortions. Use pots with drainage holes to prevent water accumulation that can lead to decay and a common condition called root rot.

  • Water sparingly in winter to prevent the plants from shrinking and withering.

  • Increase watering as daylight grows and temperatures rise in spring.

  • Winter Plant Care Tips

Indoors vs. Outdoors

Many cacti and succulents adapt well to indoor living, especially in low-humidity environments. They may be most successful if placed on a well-lit windowsill in your home. With the proper conditions, good lighting during the day, cool nights, and dry soil, succulents have been known to flower indoors.

Succulents can also thrive outdoors during warm months with extra care and attention. To do well outside, cacti and other succulents should be placed in a semi-shaded and protected area. Avoid the common misconception that the more sun a plant has, the better; it's more of a unique balance than that generality expresses.

  • In warmer months and during summer, gradually acclimatize your succulents to outdoor conditions, avoiding intense midday sun.

  • Outdoor plants require more frequent watering than their indoor counterparts due to increased light and warmer temperatures.

Pests and Disease

While infestations are rare, be on the lookout for signs of mealybugs or scale. To avoid pests, maintain the plant's optimal conditions. This will also help prevent disease. If you see signs of pests, you can use alcohol-dipped cotton swabs to spot-clean and treat the plant.

Common Problems and Issues of Succulents

To best care for your succulent and prevent bacterial and fungal rot:

  • Keep it in appropriately bright lighting

  • Maintain proper watering conditions

Growing from Cuttings

Growing new succulents is easy and can be done with cuttings, stems, and leaves. This is called propagating. Research specific needs for individual species to ensure success. Allow cut surfaces to dry and heal before planting in moistened, sterile sand. Water minimally until roots form, then transfer to a standard potting mix.

Propagating Succulents from Cuttings in Six Steps

Cacti and succulents are not just plants; they are a lesson in resilience and beauty, thriving where few can. By understanding their needs and mimicking their natural habitat, enthusiasts can enjoy the rich diversity and exotic charm these plants bring into their homes and gardens.

Additional Readings on Cacti and Succulents

 


By: Jim Olenbush